Black History in English Language Arts

Black History in English Language Arts

Black History in English Language Arts

Black history is our history. It’s not some separate history to marvel. It’s not a gimmick to gawk at in February. Still, while it’s somewhat disappointing that it takes Black History Month to draw attention to Black History, it’s also a blessing to have this opportunity in English language arts.

Getting students reading, writing, and analyzing rhetoric by or about Black authors will likely spark something inside of them that will simmer, and – hopefully at the right times – enflame inside of them, throughout their entire lives. When your heart is touched by powerful rhetoric, it stays with you forever. You can’t ever forget the truth when it’s described so passionately. And, when you apply the lessons to your own life, it becomes wisdom.

So, here are 10 ideas for teaching Black History in ELA –  your chance to get students reading, writing, analyzing, and most important – feeling – about our history, Black History.

Black History in ELA Blog Post Header

 

1. Journal Writing About Famous Quotes in Black History: As a bellringer or a 10-minute “quick write” session, have students respond to the Black History quote of the day you give them. How about do this all throughout February since there are so many good quotes? For example, Never be limited by other people’s limited imaginations” (Dr. Mae Jemison, first African-American female astronaut) or “The cost of liberty is less than the price of repression” (W.E.B. DuBois), or “The time is always right to do what it right” (Martin Luther King, Jr.), or here’s 117 more Black History quotes you can use!

2. Divi Up & Jigsaw the Plethora of Topics: When you go looking for what to teach in Black History, it’s a bit like trying to get a drink from a fire hydrant blasting out water. There are so many influential figures, movements, & accomplishments. So, how about have each student select a different figure or topic to write a research report or presentation about? Another option is jigsaw groups. This is where you assign small groups topics such as “Black athletes” and then the members of the group each research and report back on something specific, such as Jackie Robinson, Michael Jordan, and Serena Williams. Then, the groups present to the class (hopefully in an interesting way. See this post for 10 Great Ways to Research & Present Information. ) Here are some of the many ideas:

  • Notable Historical Figures & Institutions: Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, Martin Luther King, Jr., Thurgood Marshall, John Lewis, Sojourner Truth, Mary McLeod Bethune (Bethune-Cookman College), the Underground Railroad, the Mason-Dixon Line, Howard University, the Green Book, and more
  • Figures in Science & Technology: Rebecca Lee Crumpler, Daniel Hale Williams, George Washington Carver, Bessie Coleman, Katherine Johnson, Percy Julian, Mae Jemison, Warren Washington, Benjamin Banneker, and more
  • Performers, Musicians, & Actors: Louis Armstrong, Marian Anderson, Teddy Wilson, Hattie McDaniel, Sidney Poitier, Octavia Butler, Denzel Washington, Beyonce and Jay-Z, Muddy Waters, Oprah Winfrey, and more
  • Athletes: Jesse Owens, Jackie Robinson, Althea Gibson, Wilma Rudolph, Hank Aaron, Bill Russell, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Jordan, Serena & Venus Williams, LeBron James, Simone Biles, Arthur Ashe, Kobe Bryant, and more
  • Military & Government Figures: Buffalo Soldiers, Tuskegee Airmen, Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Barack Obama, Thurgood Marshall, FDR’s “Black Cabinet,” and more
  • Civil Rights Topics & Leaders: Brown v. Board of Education, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Lunch Counter Sit-ins, Selma to Montgomery Marches, Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Black Lives Matter Movement, Rosa Parks, The March on Washington, Assassination of MLK, Ruby Bridges, Claudette Colvin, Jim Crow Laws, “separate but equal,” Jesse Jackson, NACW, NAACP, nonviolent protest, and more
  • Writers: Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, and more
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3. Make Modern-Day Civil Rights Posters, Buttons, or Inspirational Quote Posters: Have students look at images of civil rights posters, such as these Freedom Movement posters. Or, simply Google “civil rights posters” and you’ll see a ton of great ones, old and new, come up. Then, have students Google “civil rights buttons” or visit this collection of political buttons, which are visual symbols showing that the wearers are fighting for some cause. Next, have students make modern-day civil rights posters or buttons, each containing one simple slogan about what we should strive for or specifically do to advance civil rights in some way. BUT BE CAREFUL. You should require that the posters be peaceful in nature, non-offensive, non-aggressive…set whatever boundaries you like to keep this activity peaceful.

march on washington 1963 button
modern day civil rights poster
Steve.fami.ly, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

 

Or maybe just have them do this less passion-provoking art instead: have each student write an inspirational quote on a posterboard, and decorate it to hang in the room. Or, have students make a poster promoting Black History Month. If you don’t want to display the artwork on the walls, you can have students do a “gallery walk” in which students walk around the class to view each other’s creations. Here are links to 120 Black History quotes or a list of 25 Quotations by MLK for the Classroom.

poster with quotes by martin luther king, jr. about hate is wrong
MLK at NCLC Poster "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."

 

 

Or, I like this magnetic poster from Displate.com. This is the right idea!

equal rights magnetic poster by displate.com

4. Analyze MLK Primary Sources: What better way to honor Black History than to direct students straight to the sources – the primary sources – the documents written by those who actually experienced the history firsthand, by those who took the time to memorialize their powerful messages in rhetoric that lives on today. 

Here are some of the many primary sources written by, about, or in collaboration with Martin Luther King, Jr.: The March on Washington pamphlet, the I Have a Dream speech (which was delivered 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation and alluded to Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address), the Letter From Birmingham JailSix Principles of Nonviolence (have students write a short explanatory essay explaining what they are and what they mean), MLK’s correspondence with the White House/JFK cabinet in letters and telegrams, teaching about Martin Luther King, Jr., and Memphis Sanitation Workers, Who Speaks for the Negro? collection, I’ve Been to the Mountaintop speech, Senator Robert Kennedy’s Statement on the Assassination of MLK, MLK’s acceptance speech for the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1964, and the Smithsonian collection.

ALSO CHECK OUT THE BLOG POST “MLK in ELA” for EVEN MORE reading, writing, and language ideas!

FREE Letter From the Birmingham Jail LESSON: Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter From The Birmingham Jail is a must-read. But, what I have for your ELA classroom is a must-have. Grab the FREE PRINTABLE IDENTiFYING THEMES IN NOTABLE MLK QUOTES FROM THE LETTER. It provides students with one page of monumental quotes from the letter, guiding students to identify theme in each of them. This is a standards-based activity, specifically aligned to Standard RI.9 in high school, which is to analyze seminal U.S. documents of literary and historical significance.

YOU CAN PIN THE IMAGE BELOW IF YOU LIKE:

Since teaching ELA for 10 years, I’ve been a contracted learning resource and assessment writer while running my store “Loving Language Arts.” I know how to align to standards like the back of my hand, yet I always aim to make resources high-interest to motivate reluctant readers and writers.

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NOTE: By the way, my High-Interest Text Passages and Practice Tests Workbooks and my High-Interest Text Passages and ELA Tasks Workbooks contain these speeches and more in easy-print and digital 1-page formats that are MAJOR TIME SAVERS.

 

5. Learn About “The Green Book”Have students read this fascinating history about the “Negro Motorist Green Book,” an underground publication sometimes found in gas stations that helped Black citizens travel safely through the Jim Crow-era southern U.S. by directing them to safe places to eat and sleep.

6. Research the Black Lives Matter Movement: One thing I think about all the time is that if people just took the time to understand each other more and where they’re coming from, they’d be less likely to judge them so harshly or condemn their behavior. So, have students take the time to learn about BLM, starting at blacklivesmatter.com. Assign students articles to summarize and share, write a research report, compare and contrast this movement with another, etc.

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 7. Read Amanda Gorman’s Inaugural Poem “The Hill We Climb” (2021) and the Inaugural Poems That Inspired Her: Amanda Gorman, the youngest (and current) Poet Laureate for the Biden Administration delivered a powerful rendition of her poem “The Hill We Climb,” that resonated not just with black Americans, but all Americans, about the current political climate as a piece in the overall journey for freedom we are all on togther. Check out the free transcript with ELA ideas to use in your classroom today.

Oh, and have your students compare and contrast, or analyze, these five previous inauguration poems that, according to Amanda Gorman, inspired her:

  • Robert Frost, who recited “The Gift Outright” at John F. Kennedy’s 1961 inauguration. Frost recited the poem from memory after he was unable to read the text of the poem, “Dedication,” because of the sun’s glare on the snow-covered ground.
  • Maya Angelou, who read “On the Pulse of Morning” (textvideo) at Bill Clinton’s 1993 inauguration
  • Miller Williams, who read “Of History and Hope” (textvideo) at Bill Clinton’s 1997 inauguration
  • Elizabeth Alexander, who read “Praise Song for the Day” (textvideo) at Barack Obama’s 2009 inauguration
  • Richard Blanco, who read “One Today” (textvideo) at Barack Obama’s 2013 inauguration
the hill we climb by amanda gorman 2021 inauguralpoem and activities square cover

 

8. Combat Racism: Consider having students write persuasive essays and speeches (with reasoning based on evidence, facts, & testimony) that combat racism. Or, I also like the looks of these 6 Lesson Plans We Love for Creating Inclusive Communities and Combatting Racism.

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 9. Teach Slave Narratives: Slave narratives are some of the most passionate, eloquent, honest, descriptive pieces of writing you will ever read. I believe it’s a must to have students read at least one. Here are some to consider: Narratives by James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw (1772), Olaudah Equiano (1789), Nat Turner (1831), Frederick Douglass (1845), William Wells Brown (1847), Henry Bibb (1849), Sojourner Truth (1850), William and Ellen Craft (1860), Harriet Jacobs (1861), Jacob Green (1864), and more. Additionally, here is a collection of slave narratives at the Library of Congress (containing more than 2,300 firsthand accounts and over 500 photographs).

Also, GRAB THE FREEBIES below!

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Frederick Douglass Slave Narrative Passage and Task Freebie

 

10. Teach Students About Brown V. Board of Education and Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall: The Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case changed the course of history for the better. It turned out that the “separate but equal” education Black students were getting prior to the case was not so equal. It took declaring segregation as unconstitutional in this landmark case to make everyone see that. There is a plethora of resources on this topic, but here are some: PBS’s “Brown vs. Board of Education | A More or Less Perfect Union” with video, Learning for Justice’s “Brown v. Board: An American Legacy,” and the U.S. Court’s “Justice Thurgood Marshall Profile – Brown v. Board of Education Re-enactment.” 

Or grab the freebie I just added a wee bit late in the month, but better late than never I always say.

Brown v Board of Education Passage & Task Black History Freebie

OK, now at this point I admit I went a little overboard with the Black History Month Freebies. I kept finding all these gems that I wanted to share with you, and here it is the end of February and I am just now stopping, lol. Here are a couple more.

ELA Passage & Test: Word Choice and Rhetoric in Deval Patrick's Inaugural Address
Language & Connotation in Deval Patrick's Inaugural Address Passage and Test

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The 6th Grade Practice Tests Test Prep Workbook “is a high quality, beautifully-aligned resource. It is no-frills, to the point, yet high-interest for students. It is helping us prepare for standardized testing in a hybrid, synchronous, difficult year.”
ReBeckha L.

Sixth Grade Teacher, Teachers Pay Teachers

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MLK in ELA: Reading & Writing About Martin Luther King, Jr.

MLK in ELA: Reading & Writing About Martin Luther King, Jr.

MLK in ELA: Reading & Writing About Martin Luther King, Jr.

Honoring MLK in ELA really is a no-brainer because there’s a prolific amount of passionate writing you can find that’s been written by, and about, Martin Luther King, Jr.  He was a fantastic speechwriter, a gifted orater, a brave fighter, a true collaborator, a civil rights activist, a tactful communicator — a man passionate and relentless in the ongoing fight for equality. So, here are 10 ideas for reading, writing, and language related to MLK you can incorporate into English language arts any time of year, but especially around MLK Day in January and Black History Month in February. I also give you a free text with ELA task for Letter From Birmingham Jail.

new year in ela blog header

1. Journal Writing on the Topic of MLK: As a bellringer or a 10-minute “quick write” session, have students respond to their choice of journal topic. Here are a BUNCH of ideas: What do you know about MLK? Why do you think some states used to refuse to designate MLK Day a holiday while other states consistently pushed for it to be a holiday? MLK had a dream of equality; what do you sometimes dream about that would make the world a better place? Can you think of any ways to work on making your dream come true someday? Since MLK was assassinated in 1968 , in your opinion, how has the fight for equality continued in America (including ups and downs and signs of progress)? Who has taken the place of, or has continued in the footsteps of, MLK since he was killed? What do MLK and Black Lives Matter have to do with each other (broadly speaking)? What makes Martin Luther King, Jr. so memorable?

2) Looking at the “I Have a Dream” Speech as LiteratureWhen we look at works of nonfiction as literature, we call that Reading Literary Nonfiction. The “I Have a Dream” speech uses literary devices and techniques in such as way so as to move the reader, so that’s literary nonfiction. Not only that, but it’s an amazing speech with such a powerful message. Now I was going to make a whole little lesson right here, but I actually found a GREAT lesson plan for teaching the speech at the PBS Newshour website. So, rather than reinvent the wheel, you should check it out! But then promise to come back, ok?

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3. Explain How You Would Improve the World (Dare to Dream): Most likely your students have spent some time daydreaming how they would make the world a better place. Heck, they might even be daydreaming right now with all this talk of the “I Have a Dream” speech. So, tap into the passion! Have students choose one aspect of the way things are in the world that they want to change.  And, here’s the explanatory writing part — have them explain it in detail, including three specific steps they would take in the process to fulfill the dream. Have them include an introduction and conclusion — and BAM! — another standards-based essay done in no time.

4. Letter From the Birmingham JailMartin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter From The Birmingham Jail is a must-read. But, what I have for your ELA classroom is a must-have. Grab the FREE PRINTABLE IDENTiFYING THEMES IN NOTABLE MLK QUOTES FROM THE LETTER. It provides students with one page of monumental quotes from the letter, guiding students to identify theme in each of them. This is a standards-based activity, specifically aligned to Standard RI.9 in high school, which is to analyze seminal U.S. documents of literary and historical significance.

YOU CAN PIN THE IMAGE BELOW IF YOU LIKE:

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5. Explain the Six Principles of Nonviolence: Have students read King’s Six Principles of Nonviolence and write a short explanatory essay explaining what they are and what they mean. Exploring nonviolence seems like a good use of time in my opinion. Speaking of opinions, have your students write an opinion or persuasive essay about the six principles.

6. Compare and Contrast Influential Speeches: When you read enough of the monumental speeches made during American history, you start to notice similarities and differences in their structure, language/use of rhetoric, and repeated allusions to the ideals of freedom set forth in the Constitution. So, this is good news for ELA! You can have students compare and contrast speeches, honing in on such things as figurative language, rhetoric, structure, allusions, tone and attitude, being direct vs. being metaphorical, being tactful vs. aggressive, etc. Here are some ideas: Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, JFK’s Inaugural Address, Deval Patrick’s Inaugural Address, Obama’s speeches such as his 2008 acceptance speech (the yes we can/si se puede speech) or the 2009 Inaugural Address (and many more), etc.

NOTE: By the way, my High-Interest Text Passages and Practice Tests Workbooks and my High-Interest Text Passages and ELA Tasks Workbooks contain these speeches and more in easy-print and digital 1-page formats that are MAJOR TIME SAVERS.

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7. Read the Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech: When Martin Luther King, Jr. accepted the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1964, he delivered an amazing acceptance speech. Have students explain what the award is a “profound recognition” of. In the speech, he stated, “Sooner or later all the people of the world will have to discover a way to live together in peace…” In order for that to happen, what method must people learn, according to MLK?

8. Get Artistic About MLK.: How about assign each student a different quote by MLK (here is a list of 25 Quotations by MLK for the Classroom), and then have them do an artistic representation of it on an 8 12″ x 11″ page? Have them make the quotation visible, write 5 adjectives on the page describing it, include 5 images, etc….you decide.

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9. Read Robert F. Kennedy’s Statement on the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Sadly, this man who was making so much traction on the platform of nonviolence, was killed in 1968. Senator Robert F. Kennedy made a lovely statement to comfort others and remind them of his cause: “What we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence or lawlessness; but love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or they be black.” Have students write about their opinion on all of this, including examples.

10. MLK Biography Block: Have students read a biography of MLK and then, instead of those boring book reports that put everyone to sleep, have your students make biography blocks instead. Grab the FREE Biography Block Lesson and Template. And check out the sample Clara Barton biography block below.

Since teaching ELA for 10 years, I’ve been a contracted learning resource and assessment writer while running my store “Loving Language Arts.” I know how to align to standards like the back of my hand, yet I always aim to make resources high-interest to motivate reluctant readers and writers.

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Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 5 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 6 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 7 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 8 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 9 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Click below for FREE ELA PRACTICE TESTS – each targeting specific reading, writing, language, and speaking/listening/viewing standards.

Check out these GRADE-SPECIFIC test prep books with practice tests that target EVERY GRADE-SPECIFIC READING INFORMATIONAL TEXT STANDARD, one by one. An added bonus is that students LOVE the texts! In Easy-Print or Self-Grading Online Versions.
Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 10 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 5 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 11 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 6 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 12 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 7 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Grade 8 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Grade 9 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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The 6th Grade Practice Tests Test Prep Workbook “is a high quality, beautifully-aligned resource. It is no-frills, to the point, yet high-interest for students. It is helping us prepare for standardized testing in a hybrid, synchronous, difficult year.”
ReBeckha L.

Sixth Grade Teacher, Teachers Pay Teachers

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15 End-of-the-School-Year ELA Activities

15 End-of-the-School-Year ELA Activities

15 End-of-the-School-Year ELA Activities

With summer approaching, this can be a challenging time to keep students engaged, or merely paying attention at all! What with tests behind them, feeling worn out by another crazy year, and counting down the days until summer, students tend to pay a little less attention, while teachers tend to scramble to keep students engaged. So, here are some fun, terrific ideas for the final countdown to ease the struggle. 

Please let me know in the comments or link up if you have some great ideas too. (I FINALLY got Instagram @lovingela — I’d love to connect there too.)

blog post 15 end of school year in english language arts

 

 

Here are some ideas for the end of the school year in ELA:

1) Story Pass Writing: This is a fun way to have students collaboratively create a story that will surely have plot twists. For in-person learning, you can do this in groups or rows of about 5 students or so. (See below for distance learning.)

When you say “start,” every student starts writing a story. This is a good time to introduce the setting and main character. If they’re stuck, tell them to write “Once upon a time…” and quickly fill in the rest. The teacher keeps track of time. Decide how long the intervals are going to be — 3 minutes or so.

When time’s up, you say “Pass” and they pass the story on to the next person. This means they also receive one! They quickly read what the last person wrote, and then continue writing the story in any way that makes sense.

Repeat the process 5-10 times. As it gets closer to the end, about two passes before the end, tell them to start wrapping up the story, bringing it to a conclusion. When it gets to the last person, tell them to write the ending. Then, have them read them over, and decide on a few funny ones to read aloud.

In a distance learning setting, you could organize this by having three students send story pieces to each other. During the first round, students write the beginning. During the second round students write the middle. During the third round, students write the ending. Students can enlist family and friends to help if necessary!

2) Read Ray Bradbury’s Short Story “All Summer in a Day”: It’s not really about summer so much as how students treat each other, and what it feels like to be bullied…but ON ANOTHER PLANET. The story is well written (and nice & short) with beautifully executed figurative language and  character development. Plus, an added bonus is that the bullies in the story end up feeling bad in the end. 

Additionally, there is a 30-minute video available free on YouTube. If you have them compare the two versions, that aligns to the RI.7 Reading Standard which requires students to integrate and evaluate content produced in multiple media formats. Check out my FREE lesson (in PDF & Digital) which has students examine figurative language and theme.

all summer in a day ela literature lesson

 

3) Year-in-Review Skits: As a class, brainstorm “the school year in review,” as in: memorable lessons, books, scenes from a popular story, funny moments, etc. Then, have students pair up or get in small groups. Each pair or group will write a skit to reenact one of these moments with their unique creative twist. You should quickly review the content of the skits before allowing them to perform. You may have some tips, or may need to edit them a bit.

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4) Evaluate the school year: I used to make a survey for students at the end of every year, asking them about their favorite and least favorite lessons, books, units, etc. I would also throw in some other questions, depending on what type of feedback I was looking for. This can be a valuable tool to find out what students really think. The only caveat is that kids can be brutally honest, so do yourself a favor and throw in something like this at the end, “Write something that will make your teacher smile” or “What do you appreciate most about your teacher?” It sounds like obvious fishing for compliments, which it is, but I’m telling you, you get the most wonderful comments, kind notes, and funny jokes during this, and you may not want to ever throw these papers away (I still have a lot of these from a LONG time ago!).

5) Reflect on “What I Learned” in Art & Writing an Essay: I had an a-ha moment when I thought of this lesson. There is a blank head that I normally have students use to portray what is going on in the mind of a character, as you can see in a related blog post. But, then I thought students’ heads by this time of year should be FULL of all the things they learned. And this year, I know they learned a lot both at school AND at home. So, have them think about what they learned, and fill in the head with images and words to symbolize them. AND OMG, YOU CAN QUICKLY GET THEM TO WRITE A 2-4 PARAGRAPH INFORMATIVE ESSAY THEY WILL ACTUALLY WANT TO WRITE – USING THIS FREEBIE! Get your printable freebie that comes with an interactive Google Slides version for easy in-person and digital, remote learning.

 

What I Learned This School Year Writing an Informative Essay and Doing Symbolic Art Activity ELA FREEBIE
Here is a sample:

6) Music is literature too!: If you teach ELA, then you can’t help but hear all those literary devices embedded in the music you listen to. Your students hear it too! Of course, we’ve heard rhyme schemes, like poems have, a million times. This is the perfect time of year to relax a little and let kids find (appropriate) song lyrics and then analyze them for: rhyme scheme, metaphors, hyperbole, parallelism, similes, syllabication, onomatopoeia, alliteration, foreshadowing, and more literary elements.

Ok, I have an example, but like a hypocrite, it is not appropriate to share in class. But, I want to share with you how poetic it is. It’s by Kenny Chesney called “Don’t Happen Twice.” Here’s a lyric: “One bottle of wine, two Dixie cups, 3 a.m. I fell in love, for the first time in my life. Things like that just don’t happen twice.” I just got the chills writing that! (Did you see how he used the homophone for so cleverly? Now that’s attractive…ha ha)

You can have students print out song lyrics, highlight or notate literary devices or poetic elements, and then bring them to you to approve before you allow them to be shared aloud.

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7) Thank You Notes: Students have a lot of people to thank for helping them get through the school year, and life. Therefore, devote time to expressing gratitude in writing. They say that being grateful makes you feel happier. So true! There’s plenty of people to thank: parent, friend, …….YOU.

8) Read a 1-page Informational Text All About Summer: This is a highly interesting, one page FREE READING & WRITING PRINTABLE (& DIGITAL) that gives all sorts of information about summer such as school calendars around the world, why summer days are longer, weather, etc. Plus writing prompts and ideas!

Summer on the Brain Reading Passage and Writing Connections Task free

9) Shower With Compliments: I got this idea from “The Cult of Pedagogy” (TPT Star). She says students take turns of about 10 minutes each being in the “hot seat” while their classmates write compliments on the board behind them. She says you have to see it to appreciate its full impact. What a great idea. I’m thinking the teacher needs a turn too. 

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10) Host a Poetry Slam: Have them read their own poems or recite poems of their choice. See #11 for a simple idea, plus there is haiku, acrostic, etc.

11) Write a 5-Senses Poem: The topic can be a favorite summer memory, a trip they went on, a place they want to go, anything related to summer really. The idea is to use concrete language. It has five lines. See my example below. Grab the  FREEBIE PRINTABLE (& DIGITAL)!

5 senses poem about trip to new york city

12) Have students explain why summer days are so much longer: As temperatures rise, everyone starts wondering why there are seasons anyway. They may be wondering what the summer solstice (longest day of the year in June) is all about too. Grab this fun literacy in science READING, WRITING, AND ELA TASKS SCIENCE FUSION FREEBIE that gets students to discover for themselves what causes seasons! Aligns to many standards AND kids love this one so much!

why there are seasons free informational text and ela science tasks

13) Write a Letter to Your Future Self: I have only done this with them writing actual letters by hand and bringing in self-addressed stamped envelopes, but I’m pretty sure email would work, as long as you stayed organized by keeping a separate folder of the emails and labeling with the year to send them the emails they wrote. You have them write a letter to their future selves three years from now. It can be about current events, describing self, goals, predictions, positive affirmations, etc. You collect the letters, keep them for three years, and then send them. They forget they wrote them and it is fun to receive them, albeit a little odd. 

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14) Read and Write About Something Cool – Ice Cream: Check out my FREE high-interest informational text passage with ELA-Science fusion tasks about how ice cream is made. As part of the reading, it even comes with instructions for how to make ice cream. It is really interesting, about a topic they love, and aligns to standards RST.6-8.6 and 7, and more. Plus, have them do the free, fun ice cream logic puzzle that gives their brain a little break while still doing some critical thinking!

cover ice cream science free lesson
ice cream logic puzzle ela bellringer activity grades 4-9

15) Read some or all of Summer of the Monkeys: Summer of the Monkeys is a novel for adolescents by Wilson Rawls, a book I really like and kids like too. It is still under copyright unfortunately. But maybe you can find some copies. OR CHECK OUT THE FREE EXCERPT OF CHAPTER ONE HERE! Have students analyze characterization of the main character, a 14-year-old boy, using this FREE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER FOR ANALYZING CHARACTER SHOWN FILLED OUT IN THIS BLOG POST, a great ELA activity.

 

I HOPE YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS ENJOY THE REST OF THE SCHOOL YEAR IN ELA!

Since teaching ELA for 10 years, I’ve been a contracted learning resource and assessment writer while running my store “Loving Language Arts.” I know how to align to standards like the back of my hand, yet I always aim to make resources high-interest to motivate reluctant readers and writers.

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St. Patrick’s Day in ELA – Ideas for Reading & Writing in March

St. Patrick’s Day in ELA – Ideas for Reading & Writing in March

St. Patrick’s Day in ELA – Ideas for Reading & Writing in March

It’s your lucky day in ELA! That’s because St. Patrick’s Day is one more opportunity to incorporate an engaging, fun, multicultural topic into English language arts. It’s another chance to set a good feeling tone while engaging students’ emotions — whether by writing silly limericks, by empathizing with Irish struggles in serious verse, or by philosophically pondering the concept of luck. So, here are some ideas for you, which you can use all March long. Please let me know in the comments or link up if you have some great ideas too. (I FINALLY got Instagram @lovingela — I’d love to connect there too.)

blog post st. patrick's day in english language arts

Here are some ideas for St. Patrick’s Day (and all of March) in ELA:

1) Quick-Write About Luck: According to the Roman philosopher Seneca, “Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.” In other words, he postulates, we aren’t born “lucky” or “unlucky”; rather, we make our own luck. I’m pretty sure Jack on Titanic said something along those lines too (lol).

Ask students to write about this topic that has been debated for eons. Is “luck” more about accidentally being in the right place at the right time, or is it more about intentionally getting yourself to the “right place”? This could be a quick-write topic. Ask students to give at least one example to support a point they make about luck. If they have trouble thinking of one, have them consider a musician or recording artist’s career path and how either luck, or preparation, or both, may have led to their success.

I like this quick lifehacker article on how to prepare yourself for opportunities (get lucky). Students might like it too.

2) Write a Limerick: There once was a lady named Katie, She was an amazing lady, But her moods were unreal, We were like What is her deal?, Then she finally chilled out at age eighty….Anyway, limericks are so fun. They were quite likely invented in Limerick, Ireland. (Read this article to find out.) And even esteemed writers such as Rudyard Kipling have written them. They’re great for getting reluctant writers to not only get words down on paper, but to probably laugh in the process! When you have students share them, students get to know each other in a fun way. Check out my free one-page printable or Google Slides version that guides students step-by-step in writing a limerick.

free write a limerick activity

3) Delve Into Irish Literature: For young kids, I would check out this list of best Irish children’s books, or I would see what fun stories about Irish culture or St. Patrick’s Day they have in the library. For older students, I would check out some of these authors, but beware that the subject matter is often intense when it’s about struggling (a common theme): Frank McCourt (Angela’s Ashes is an amazing memoir but very sad!), Samuel Beckett (Waiting for Godot), James Joyce (Ulysses), Jonathan Swift (Gulliver’s Travels), Oscar Wilde (The Picture of Dorian Gray), or a newer verse novel called Nóinín.

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4) Speaking of Irish Literature – A Poem for St. Patrick’s Day: I found this great literary, historical poem that was delivered to an audience in San Francisco on March 17, 1870, by an Irish immigrant passionate about Ireland’s history, struggles, and changes. Here is the poem FREE with 10 literary analysis questions in easy-print or digital interactive Google Slides version for easy distance learning. Great for grades 5 all the way through high school.

free lesson Irish literary poem for St. Patrick's Day

5) Learn All About U2 (The best Irish band ever in my biased opinion): Okay, so you’re probably already getting the feeling this activity has a lot to do with ME and MY desires, but I personally think it’s a great idea for ELA. I have loved U2 my whole life, including their no-apologies songs about human rights struggles (which were more serious than most of the quirky 80s stuff which I also loved), and they are very passionate about their homeland of Ireland. So, I was thinking, have students read about the band, their biographies, their story, their verses, the literary devices they use in their poetic songs, etc…they are humanitarians and have been on the world stage for decades, so why not? (OMG they’re so awesome.)

U2 2015
Image Credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U2_2015.jpg (R. L. 68, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons)

I HOPE YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS HAVE A GREAT ST. PATRICK’S DAY – ALL MARCH LONG – IN ELA!

 

You know what else students LOVE? These high-interest informational texts and tasks. I went out of my way to make the articles super interesting to upper elementary and middle schoolers by writing about things that interest them. And, guess what? It worked. I keep hearing from teachers how kids get so into these passages. They actually want to answer the questions. They even want to discuss the articles as a group. 

middle school informational text passages and ela tasks volume 1

Volume I was so popular with students in grades 6-8 that I just HAD to create Volume II. Kids love them both!

middle school informational text passages and ela tasks volume 2

And now, workbooks for UPPER ELEMENTARY are here!

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5th grade informational texts and ELA practice tests workbook

And now ones for HIGH SCHOOL TOO! YAY!

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free reading passage and task "yay or nay on daylight saving time?"
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Since teaching ELA for 10 years, I’ve been a contracted learning resource and assessment writer while running my store “Loving Language Arts.” I know how to align to standards like the back of my hand, yet I always aim to make resources high-interest to motivate reluctant readers and writers.

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Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Check out these GRADE-SPECIFIC test prep books with practice tests that target EVERY GRADE-SPECIFIC READING INFORMATIONAL TEXT STANDARD, one by one. An added bonus is that students LOVE the texts! In Easy-Print or Self-Grading Online Versions.
Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 10 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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st patricks day in ELA blog post

5 Interesting Facts About the History of Valentine’s Day

5 Interesting Facts About the History of Valentine’s Day

5 Interesting Facts About the History of Valentine’s Day

Ah Valentine’s, how I love thee and dislike thee all at once, lol. Let’s just say I’ve had a love-hate relationship with Valentine’s Day my whole life. Have you by any chance? Anyway, to focus on the positive here, I do remember that in elementary school, Valentine’s Day was one of the best days EVER. I LOVED IT! So, tap into your students’ excitement about the day, and teach them more about the history behind this holiday. It’s one more opportunity for fresh reading and writing! In fact, I have lots of other ideas too for you in my post “A Valentine’s Day in ELA You’ll Love.”

Blog post and free text the history of valentine's day interesting facts

 

5 Interesting Facts About Valentine’s Day:

1) The more appropriate version: At the end of the 5th century, Pope Gelasius of Rome declared February 14 to be “St. Valentine’s Day,” supposedly to replace the Roman festival called Lupercalia which was what we would call “inappropriate” these days. It included one ritual in which unmarried men would select pieces of paper from an urn which had the names of the unmarried ladies on them, who would become their future wives. Not very romantic! It was not until the 14th century, at the end of the Middle Ages/beginning of the Renaissance, that Valentine’s Day came to be definitively associated with romantic love. In fact, English poet Geoffrey Chaucer was the first to record Valentine’s Day as a romantic celebration in his 1375 poem “Parliament of Foules,” writing, ““For this was sent on Seynt Valentyne’s day / Whan every foul cometh ther to choose his mate.”

2) Writing it down makes it official: Written valentine greetings began to appear after 1400, around the time the idea of courtly love flourished in literature, especially in plays meant to entertain nobility. The oldest known valentine in existence was a poem written by Charles, Duke of Orleans (of France) in 1415, imprisoned in the Tower of London. By the mid-18th century, it became common for friends and lovers of all social classes, not just nobility, to exchange handwritten valentine notes and small tokens of affection. Soon, commercially printed cards were used for the first time. In the 1840s, Esther Howland began commercially selling mass-produced valentines depicting Cupid, the Roman god of love, as well as hearts, which are associated with emotion.

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3) It’s not all about us : Valentine’s Day is celebrated in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France, Singapore, and Australia. It’s also popular in Denmark, Argentina, South Korea, and the Philippines. In fact, in the Phillippines, Valentine’s Day is the most popular wedding day. Sometimes there are mass weddings that unite hundreds of couples at once on February 14. 

4) Who was this St. Valentine?: That is the subject of debate and cannot be answered definitively. Some say the day was named after a priest named Valentine who was killed by the Roman emperor Claudius II Gothicus in the year 270. According to legend, Claudius II had outlawed marriage, believing that single men made better soldiers than married ones. Valentine would secretly perform marriages and, when discovered, was put to death and became known as a saint. 

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5) But it could have been this other guy: According to another legend, Valentine was killed for helping Christians escape harsh Roman prisons. While in prison himself, he supposedly sent a letter signed “from your Valentine” to the jailor’s daughter. The truth behind the Valentine’s legends are murky, but we do know from stories that Valentine was described as a sympathetic, heroic, and romantic figure. By the Middle Ages (approximately between 500 and 1300 A.D.), Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France.

Below are links to my other post A Valentine’s Day in ELA You’ll Love for even more ideas, and the FREE RESOURCE “The History of Valentine’s Day Reading Passage & Writing Extensions.” Happy Valentine’s Day!

Valentine's Day in English Language Arts blog post

Plus, my other blog post with free language activity “20 Idioms About Love and the Heart” also has yet more fun Valentine’s resources.

AND GRAB YOUR FREE 1-PAGE PASSAGE “THE HISTORY OF VALENTINE’S DAY” THAT COMES WITH WRITING EXTENSIONS!

valentine's day history passage and writing
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Since teaching ELA for 10 years, I’ve been a contracted learning resource and assessment writer while running my store “Loving Language Arts.” I know how to align to standards like the back of my hand, yet I always aim to make resources high-interest to motivate reluctant readers and writers.

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Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 5 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 6 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Grade 8 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 9 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Click below for FREE ELA PRACTICE TESTS – each targeting specific reading, writing, language, and speaking/listening/viewing standards.

Check out these GRADE-SPECIFIC test prep books with practice tests that target EVERY GRADE-SPECIFIC READING INFORMATIONAL TEXT STANDARD, one by one. An added bonus is that students LOVE the texts! In Easy-Print or Self-Grading Online Versions.
Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 10 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 5 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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The 6th Grade Practice Tests Test Prep Workbook “is a high quality, beautifully-aligned resource. It is no-frills, to the point, yet high-interest for students. It is helping us prepare for standardized testing in a hybrid, synchronous, difficult year.”

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Sixth Grade Teacher, Teachers Pay Teachers

How about save this pin to your “Current Seasonal Resources” Pinterest board so you can refer back to it later?

Blog post and free text the history of valentine's day interesting facts

Valentine’s Day in ELA: Ideas for Reading and Writing ALL February

Valentine’s Day in ELA: Ideas for Reading and Writing ALL February

Valentine’s Day in ELA: Ideas for Reading and Writing ALL February

I’ve written blog posts about the importance of setting a good feeling tone in the classroom, making learning fun, and affective learning (find out why it’s the most effective learning of all). This post goes right along with that notion that you can deliberately advance students’ learning just by making them feel good and relaxed.

Valentine’s Day, and all February for that matter, is one more opportunity to focus on the positives such as kindness and love, while engaging students’ emotions and having fun! So, here are some reading, writing, and language ideas for a Valentine’s Day in ELA you’ll love.

Valentine's Day in English Language Arts blog post

Here are some ideas for Valentine’s Day in ELA:

1) Express love or appreciation in an Ode: According to the dictionary, an “ode” is “a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter – a poem meant to be sung.”

And, according to poets.org, an ode was “originally accompanied by music and dance, and later reserved by the Romantic poets to convey their strongest sentiments—is a formal address to an event, a person, or a thing not present.” Wow, who knew? (I didn’t.)

I recommend keeping it simple and just having students write freely with a simple abab or abca rhyme scheme…but I also found this great lesson online that looks very helpful for both teachers and students writing odes.

So, have students brainstorm all the things and/or people and pets they love and appreciate. Ask some leading questions, such as What’s your favorite thing to do after school? or What food or drinks do you LOVE? or Who do you love like a sister? or Who shows you love?

2) Shower with Compliments: I got this idea from “The Cult of Pedagogy,” a TPT seller who has inspired me. She says students take turns of about 10-15 minutes each being in the “hot seat” while their classmates write compliments on the board behind them. She says you have to see it to appreciate its full impact. What a great idea. I’m thinking the teacher needs a turn too!

3) Sticky Note Love: I have a friend (a mother of 5) who covers her kids’ doors with sticky notes that show what she loves about that kid – on or around Valentine’s Day (or maybe it’s birthdays…). Anyway, I’m sure this can somehow be incorporated into Language Arts. For example, instruct students to write 10 adjectives (one word each) to express what they love about a person, thing, whatever…

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4) Idioms about the heart and love: My heart really goes out to you…especially if you have teenagers acting head over heels in love or who have just gotten their hearts broken…One of my blog posts lists 20 idioms about love and the heart. It gets students thinking why the heart is associated with love anyway. These are fun to read, to incorporate into writing, or to research their origins. It also links to a free printable that gets students to write literal meanings in a language activity.

Valentine's Day Idioms about love and the heart for reading and writing Pin

 

5) ELA Science Fusion “Your Cardiovascular System” (Mini-Unit or Lite version text only): Relevant, interesting, engaging scientific and technical informational text and literacy in science activities for English Language Arts or science class or both. Thoroughly researched, highly visual, creative and fun ELA connections, extension activities, vocabulary building, a song to sing along to (a song I LOVED as a kid whenever teachers would show us the video), fascinating informational text all about how our circulatory system works.

ELA Science Fusion Unit Cardiovascular System

 

free informational text cardiovascular system

 

6) Shakespeare in Love: I found a GREAT post about 20 of Shakespeare’s quotes about love that tells all about the context they are set in and their meaning. I also found this list of 55 of Shakespeare’s most famous love quotes. And here is a list of his sonnets. How about have students each choose a different sonnet and quote to analyze? They can identify: mood, speaker, tone, imagery, metaphor, rhyme scheme, etc.

7) Write a Love Letter to a Book or Author: Have you ever seen that skit on the Tonight Show in which Jimmy Fallon writes “thank you notes” to random things? It cracks me up. So this is like that, sort of. Have students write to a book or author showering them with love and specific compliments.

8) The History of Valentine’s Day: As simple of a concept that Valentine’s Day is, it turns out the history is ancient, not fully documented (and full of hearsay), yet is quite interesting (like how greeting cards came about) and even contends that Valentine’s Day was meant to replace a festival we would call “inappropriate” these days. I wrote the text for grades 6 and up to explore these concepts. They’re not really well suited to younger elementary kids.

valentine's day history passage and writing

And, a freebie too! A captivating excerpt of a slave narrative that is so touching and inspiring – a great piece of literary nonfiction. Combine Black History Month with ELA Test Prep in one step!

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Since teaching ELA for 10 years, I’ve been a contracted learning resource and assessment writer while running my store “Loving Language Arts.” I know how to align to standards like the back of my hand, yet I always aim to make resources high-interest to motivate reluctant readers and writers.

Subscribe

Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 5 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 6 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 7 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 8 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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Click below for free ELA practice test questions – each targeting specific reading, writing, language, and speaking & listening standards.

Check out these GRADE-SPECIFIC test prep books with practice tests that target EVERY GRADE-SPECIFIC READING INFORMATIONAL TEXT STANDARD, one by one. An added bonus is that students LOVE the texts! In Easy-Print or Self-Grading Online Versions.
Grade 4 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 10 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 5 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
Grade 11 Reading Passages and Practice Tests Workbook - Informational Text Edition
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How about save this pin to your “current seasonal resources” or “Valentine’s Day in ELA” Pinterest board so you can read this again later?

Valentine's Day in English Language Arts blog post